The equation, in full
This calculator uses Mifflin-St Jeor, published in 1990 and still the default in most clinical settings because it outperformed the older Harris-Benedict equation on modern populations:
Men: BMR = (10 × weight kg) + (6.25 × height cm) − (5 × age) + 5 Women: BMR = (10 × weight kg) + (6.25 × height cm) − (5 × age) − 161
Worked through for a 40-year-old man, 5′10″ (178 cm), 181 lb (82 kg):
BMR = 10(82) + 6.25(178) − 5(40) + 5
= 820 + 1,112.5 − 200 + 5
= 1,737 kcal/dayNotice what the equation contains and what it does not. Weight carries the most influence, height and age adjust it, and the sex term is a blunt 166-calorie constant standing in for average differences in body composition. There is no input for muscle mass, because the equation was built to work without a body-composition scan.
Where the estimate goes astray
Predictive equations land within about ten percent of measured resting expenditure for most healthy adults, which is good enough to plan from and not good enough to argue with. They are least reliable at the extremes: the very muscular, the very lean, the very heavy, the elderly, and anyone with a thyroid condition or on medication that affects metabolism.
Muscle mass is the most common source of a bad fit. Two people at 82 kg with different amounts of lean tissue have genuinely different resting rates, and the equation cannot tell them apart because it never asked. If you carry noticeably more or less muscle than average for your size, expect the estimate to sit low or high respectively.
Why anyone needs this number
On its own, rarely. BMR is a building block: it is the input to TDEE, which is the input to a deficit or surplus, which is the thing you actually eat. It is worth calculating mostly so the later numbers stop feeling arbitrary — when you can see that roughly two-thirds of your daily calories are spent before you get out of bed, the size of a 500-calorie deficit stops seeming trivial.
Once you have it, split your calories into macros or read how to read your calorie number.
Sources
- Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. “A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals.” Am J Clin Nutr, 1990;51(2):241-247.
- Frankenfield D, Roth-Yousey L, Compher C. “Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy nonobese and obese adults: a systematic review.” J Am Diet Assoc, 2005.







